Blackout - kukundikana kwezvivakwa zvakakosha
Kudzima kunowanzova kukanganisa kusingatarisirwi mukugoverwa kwemagetsi.
Musiyano kubva pakudzima kwemagetsi
Kudzima kwemagetsi kunogara kwenguva pfupi uye kazhinji kunongokanganisa nzvimbo diki. Zvikonzero zvinowanzopedzwa nokukurumidza. Kusiyana neizvi, nekudzima kwe "chaiyo", magetsi anomiswa kwenguva yakareba; nzvimbo dzakakura dzinowanzo kukanganiswa, senge nyika dzinoverengeka dzemubatanidzwa kana nyika. Zvikonzero zvinogonawo kuva kukanganisa nemaune.
Muchiitiko chekudzima, zvivakwa zvakakosha zvinogara zvichitambura, kutanga ne network network.
zvinokonzera
Zvikonzero zvekudzima moto zvinogona kuva zvakasiyana-siyana. Sarudzo:
- Zvikonzero zvakasikwa
- Kukundikana kwemamiriro ekunze-anoenderana nemamiriro ekunze simba renewable (mhepo uye simba rezuva);
- njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga;
- Solar Storms/Geomagnetic Storms;
- Zvikonzero zvehunyanzvi
- Grid stabilizers (marasha, simba renyukireya) ari kuwedzera kubviswa;
- Kuparara kweSystem - Kusakwana kwetiweki kugadzikana;
- Zvikonzero zvevanhu
- Kukanganisa kwevanhu
- cyber kurwiswa;
- Kurwisa kwemagandanga;
- e-bomb;
- Market manipulation.
Deutsche Welle: Kudzima kwesimba rose - mamiriro echokwadi kana kutyisa?
Prof. Harald Schwarz pachiitiko chakakomba chekupedzisira muEurope muna Ndira 2021. Anotsanangura zvakajeka kuti nei magetsi muGermany asingazove akachengeteka nguva dzose mune ramangwana.
Nzira yekukonzera rima
Ongororo yakaitwa naMathias Dalheimer paChaos Computer Club Congress 32C3
Mhedzisiro (sarudzo)
Mhedzisiro yekudzima kwemagetsi inobata nzvimbo dzese dzehupfumi hwedu nehupenyu. Zvose zvivakwa zvinoenderana nemagetsi anoshanda.
Kungopa mienzaniso mishoma yemhedzisiro:
- Mafiriza mazhinji nemafiriji (kunyanya ayo asina kukwana kupisa kwekupisa) anodziya zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti zvinhu zvakachengetwa zviparare.
- Zvifambiso zvakawanda (kunyanya zvitima zvemagetsi, asiwo zvinosimudza) zviri kukundikana, zvinoreva kuti mabasa ekufambisa anokosha haasisipo. Vashandi uye zvinhu hazvichauyi kunzvimbo yekugadzira kana yebasa.
- Kuwana zvinhu nemasevhisi hazvichagoneki nekuti masystem ekubhadhara emagetsi haasisipo
- Kutadza kwemwenje mudzimba, mahofisi uye makambani eindasitiri anogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya maitiro ipapo.
- Kufambiswa kweruzivo kuburikidza nenharembozha, terevhizheni neredhiyo, email nemapepanhau kunogona kuvhiringwa, zvichiva nemhedzisiro inotyisa, kunyanya kunharaunda yemaindasitiri.
- Zvipatara nezvimwe zvivakwa zvakakosha zvinofanirwa kunge zvine simba rekuchengetedza. Nekudaro, izvi kazhinji hazvigone kudzima magetsi ehurefu chero hupi nekuti mabhatiri kana mafuta emafuta apera.
- Migove yemvura inogonawo kukanganiswa, zvichiva nemimwe migumisiro yakakomba.
- Semuyenzaniso, mapurazi haachakwanisa kushandisa michina yawo yekukama, mvura nemvura yetsvina haichagoni kushanda, uye matura haachatonhodzwa.
- Kana paine kushomeka kweruzivo uye zvekushandisa zvinotora mazuva akati wandei, kusagadzikana kwevanhu kunoitika;
- Kutanga kutema kunotora nguva zvakanyanya. Zvinotora mazuva kana mavhiki kusvikira simba rekupa ragadzikana zvakare;
- etc.
Pane zvidzidzo zvakawanda pamusoro pemhedzisiro yekudzima, kusanganisira Hofisi yeTekinoroji Yekuongorora kuGerman Bundestag ine chinyorwa "Chii chinoitika mukudzima: Mhedzisiro yekudzima kwemagetsi kwenguva refu uye yakakura" mu2011. Onawo Quellen.
Kuburitswa kweGerman Bundestag:
Probability yekuti blackout inoitika
Blackouts ine mukana wekuwedzera wekuitika panguva imwe chete uine yakanyanya kunaka kukanganisa. Mukana wekuitika maererano nekuwanda kana chiyero zvinoenderana, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, pane zvinotevera zvinhu:
- Kuwedzera nekuoma kwemagetsi emagetsi;
- Kuwedzera nezvinogoneka ketani maitiro (domino effect);
- Kuwedzera magetsi munzvimbo dzese dzebhizinesi nehupenyu kunowedzera kusagadzikana;
- Kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwemagetsi kusingagoni kurongwa munguva refu kunowedzera njodzi.
mhinduro
Kuti udzivise kudzima kana kuderedza mhedzisiro yayo, kune akasiyana mhinduro (sarudzo):
- General network kuwedzera, kusikwa kwemagetsi-yekutakura network network;
- Networking yezvivakwa zvemagetsi pakati pevagadziri nevatengi;
- feed-in manejimendi matanho;
- Contractual kana otomatiki mutoro wekudurura kune vatengi vakakura;
- Black kutanga vanokwanisa masisitimu;
- Kusikwa kwekuchengetedza magetsi (mabhatiri);
- Inokurumidza-inoita pombi yekuchengetedza uye gasi remagetsi emagetsi emagetsi.
Matanho ekudzivirira ega ega
Pamusoro pezvo, munhu wese akazvimiririra anogona kutora matanho ekuchengetedza njodzi; iyo Federal Office yeCivil Protection uye Disaster Assistance (BBK) yakagadzira chinyorwa chechinangwa ichi.
Matanho ekuchengetedza emakambani, zviremera nemasangano
Zvimiro zvakaita sezviremera, masangano nemakambani anodaidzwa kuti agadzirire kudzimwa kwemagetsi nepfungwa dzechimbichimbi kuti vazvidzivirire ivo nevashandi vavo. Nechinangwa ichi, zvinokurudzirwa kumisa boka rebasa kuti rione zviwanikwa zvinodiwa uye zviyero.
TCRH Inopa
Iyo TCRH Mosbach inopa Dzidzo nekudzidziswa muminda ye Civil protection, Kugadzirira njodzi, Inner uye Chengetedzo yekunze.
Aya anotevera makosi aripo emamiriro edambudziko akadai sekudzima kana mhedzisiro yacho:
Isu tinofara kupa makamuri edu emusangano, pekugara uye sarudzo dzekudyara pamwe nekutarisana kumeso uye dhijitari mapuratifomu ekutsinhana pamwe nedzidzo uye kudzidziswa kumakongiresi, misangano, maworkshops uye nyanzvi maforamu.
Quellen
- Mahofisi eTekinoroji Ongororo kuGerman Bundestag: "Chii chinoitika mukudzima: Mhedzisiro yenguva refu uye yakakura-kudzima kwemagetsi", https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/WHTYG6UICVSOLBM53WFUM3RFBFYCW5HM
- Federal Office yeCivil Protection uye Disaster Assistance (BBK): "Blackout - Zvekuita kana simba rikadzimwa", https://www.bbk.bund.de/DE/TopThema/TT_2018/TT_Blackout.html
- Federal Hofisi yeKudzivirirwa Kwevanhu uye Rubatsiro rweNjodzi (BBK): "Nhungamiro yekugadzirira kwekukurumidzira uye kugadzirisa chiito mumamiriro ekukurumidzira", https://www.bbk.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/BBK/DE/Publikationen/Broschueren_Flyer/Buergerinformationen_A4/Ratgeber_Brosch.html;jsessionid=1C1A15FC7882E1C009743E3366E794CF.1_cid508
- Civil Defense Austria: "Blackout - kupera kwemagetsi kwenguva refu", http://zivilschutzverband.at/de/aktuelles/84/Blackout-der-laengerfristige-Stromausfall
- acatech - German Academy yeUinjiniya Sayenzi eV: "Yakakodzera remangwana: Sainzi zvikoro zvinopa sarudzo dzekusimba, dzemagetsi emagetsi masisitimu," https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/presse/meldung/resilienz-digitalisierter-energiesysteme
- VDE Association of Electrical Engineering Electronics Information Technology e.V., Ralf Butscher: “Risk Blackout”, https://www.vde.com/topics-de/energy/aktuelles/risiko-blackout
- Saurugg, Herbert: "Simba reEurope-yakafara, zvivakwa uye kutadza kwekupa ("kudzima")", https://www.saurugg.net/blackout
- Energy Lexicon, Dr. Rüdiger Paschotta: "Simba kukundikana", https://www.energie-lexikon.info/stromausfall.html
- stromauss.info, Thomas Reicher: “Kudzima kungaitika sei? Inogona kudzivirirwa here?" https://www.stromausfall.info/wie-kann-ein-blackout-passieren-kann-man-ihn-verhindern_de_n2760.html
- Wedzero: "Nyika isina magetsi - Zvinogoneka zvikonzero zvekudzima", https://www.addendum.org/blackout/ursachen/
- addendum.de: "Hapana chinoshanda zvakare - mhedzisiro yekudzima", https://www.addendum.org/blackout/auswirkungen/
- Federal Ministry of Education and Research: "Inter-municipal concepts kusimbisa kusimba kwenzvimbo dzemadhorobha (INTERKOM)", https://www.sifo.de/de/interkom-interkommunale-konzepte-zur-staerkung-der-resilienz-von-ballungsgebieten-2167.html uye kunyanya "Intermunicipal concepts dzinosanganisira huwandu hwevanhu kusimbisa kusimba kwenzvimbo dzemadhorobha: Interkom: sub-project Intermunicipal concepts dzinosanganisira huwandu hwevanhu kuti vasimbise kusimba kwenzvimbo dzemadhorobha kusvika kune yakakura, yekudzima kwemagetsi kwenguva refu: Final report", https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A898811899/Interkommunale-Konzepte-unter-Einbeziehung-der/?tx_tibsearch_search%5Bsearchspace%5D=tibub
- Federal Nuclear Safety Inspectorate ENSI: "Magetsi enyukireya ane zvombo zvekurwisa madutu ezuva," https://www.ensi.ch/de/2011/12/13/kernkraftwerke-sind-gegen-sonnensturme-gewappnet/
- Federal Office for Civil Protection BABS: "Zuva", National Risk Analysis "Njodzi uye Emergency Switzerland", https://www.babs.admin.ch/content/babs-internet/de/aufgabenbabs/gefaehrdrisiken/natgefaehrdanalyse/gefaehrddossier/_jcr_content/contentPar/accordion/accordionItems/naturbedingte_gef_hr/accordionPar/downloadlist/downloadItems/142_1604482773548.download/15-Sonnensturm-GD-de.pdf
- The Weather Channel, Odenwald, Michael: "Migumisiro inouraya: Dutu rine simba rezuva rinogona kuparadza hupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva mumasekonzi makumi mapfumbamwe," https://weather.com/de-DE/wissen/astronomie/news/2018-05-07-fatale-folgen-wie-ein-starker-sonnensturm-in-90-sekunden-unseren
- correctiv, Kutzner Stefan: "Blackout: Mamiriro ezvinhu ekudzima kwemagetsi kwenguva refu, akapararira anoshandiswa sei kutyisa uye purofiti," Blackout: Mashandisirwo echiitiko chenjodzi pakutyisa (correctiv.org)
- KfV, Georgiev Stefan: "Njodzi dzeTekinoroji: Iyo "blackout" chiitiko, Technology Disasters_EF-1.pdf (kfv.at)
- Federal Hofisi Yekuchengetedzwa Kwevanhu uye Kubatsira Njodzi: Nhungamiro & Chekutarisa - BBK (bund.de)
- Energy Security Association: Blackout, Blackout 2022 - Iyo inokwanisika kudzimwa kwemagetsi muGermany (verein-energiesicherheit.de)
- 24hamburg: Kugadzirira kudzima: Rondedzero yekudzimwa kwemagetsi (24hamburg.de)
- Northern Bavaria: Federal Office inoburitsa rondedzero: Unoda zvinhu izvi kana pakaitika rima - Panorama | Northern Bavaria
Mabhuku
- BWK Energie: "Magetsi: Europe inopotsa nekudzima," https://www.ingenieur.de/fachmedien/bwk/energieversorgung/strom-europa-schrammt-am-blackout-knapp-vorbei/
- Spektrum, Nestler, Ralf: "Simba rekushandisa: Chii chinofanira kudzivirira kubva mukudzima kukuru", https://www.spektrum.de/news/stromversorgung-wie-verhindert-man-europaweite-blackouts/1828780
- Handelsblatt, Witsch, Kathrin: "Handelsblatt Energy Summit: Nguva pfupi kusati kwadzima: Giridhi remagetsi reEurope rakapotsa radonha muna Ndira," https://www.handelsblatt.com/unternehmen/energie/handelsblatt-energie-gipfel-kurz-vor-blackout-europas-stromnetz-waere-im-januar-fast-zusammengebrochen/26820168.html?ticket=ST-4953358-7dftXdhfDP2b4O3u7jT9-ap4
- agrarheute, Zinke, Dr. Olaf: "Kushaikwa Kwekurima - Iyo Catastrophe. Kukundikana kwesimba uye mhedzisiro ", https://www.agrarheute.com/management/betriebsfuehrung/blackout-landwirtschaft-katastrophe-577604
- kommunal.de: "Kana magidhi emagetsi akadonha: chirongwa chekutsvagisa pane kudzima", https://kommunal.de/stromausfall-pandemie
- Neue Zürcher Zeitung, Titz, Sven: "Dutu rinoparadza zuva rinotevera richauya zvechokwadi," https://www.nzz.ch/wissenschaft/der-naechste-verheerende-sonnensturm-kommt-bestimmt-ld.1335543
- faz.net, "Kutarisisa chiitiko chezuva mumakore gumi nerimwe anotevera," https://www.faz.net/aktuell/wissen/weltraum/ein-blick-auf-die-sonnenaktivitaet-der-naechsten-elf-jahre-17003444.html
- brand eins, Dilba, Denis: "Tornado muGirazi", https://www.brandeins.de/magazine/brand-eins-wirtschaftsmagazin/2018/wetter/tornado-in-der-galaxie
- telepolis, Rötzer, Florian: "Nezve kudzima uye mabhomba eEMP, hacks uye paraglider", https://www.heise.de/tp/features/Von-Blackout-und-EMP-Bomben-Hacks-und-Paraglidern-3858578.html?seite=all
- spiegelonline: Gongolsky, Mario: "E-Bhomba: The Electric Nightmare", https://www.spiegel.de/netzwelt/tech/e-bombe-der-elektrische-alptraum-a-242078.html
- National Geographic, Lovett Richard A: "Chii chingazoitika kana dutu guru rezuva remazuva ese rakatanga nhasi?", https://www.nationalgeographic.de/wissenschaft/was-wuerde-passieren-wenn-heute-der-groesste-sonnensturm-aller-zeiten-losbraeche
- National Geographic: Röck Markus, Blackout: Chii chinoitika kana pasina chinoshanda zvakare? | National Geographic
- ZDFheut: Njodzi dzemagetsi - Magetsi achashomekawo munguva yechando here? Njodzi dzekugovera: Magetsi achashomekawo munguva yechando here? – ZDFheute
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