Ukuzivikela okuhlakaniphile kwezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo
Izinselele ezintsha zeziphathimandla nezinhlangano ezinemisebenzi yezokuphepha
Isihloko esithi "ukuphepha" kanye nemibuzo ehambisanayo yokuzivikela kwe-tactical yezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo iye yashintsha ngezindlela eziningi iminyaka eminingana.
Izibonelo zezizathu zifaka:
- Izingxabano zakudala phakathi kwezizwe ziba izingxabano phakathi kwamasiko;
- izindlela zokubhekana ezaziwa kakhulu ziba yi-asymmetrical;
- Abenzi bobubi noma amaqembu abenzi bokubi ngeke besakwazi ukubonakala ngokucacile;
- Iziphathimandla zombuso kanye nabantu abayingozi basesimweni esikhulayo sokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe;
- umuzwa wokulondeka uwohloka;
- ubugebengu obuhleliwe buyanda;
- njll
Ukuhlukana okucacile akusakhonakali
Kulezi zinsuku, izingxabano ngeke zisahlukaniswa ngokusekelwe emingceleni ewumngcingo yendawo noma yezombusazwe: izindawo zokungqubuzana zivame ukuchazwa ngokwamasiko noma ngokwenkolo. Inkinga yokungqubuzana ngokuvamile ithinta izifunda ezimbalwa noma izifunda zonke ngokuphelele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlukaniswa nokuhlonza izinhlangothi ezingqubuzanayo akusanakwenzeka ngokuya ngemibandela yakudala. Ngokomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, amasosha ngeke esakwazi ukuhlukaniswa ngokucacile kwabangewona amasosha, isibonelo ngokusekelwe ezicini zangaphandle kanye nendlela abenza ngayo.
Esinye isici: Izingozi noma abenzi bobubi bavame ukuvela phakathi nomphakathi - ukubukeka kwabo nendlela yabo yokwenza kanye nesikhathi sezenzo zabo ngeke kubikezelwe.
Kulezi zinsuku, abaphehli bobugebengu obuncane nobuhleliwe bahlonyiswe ngamathuluzi ezobuchwepheshe angenzi lutho nasebenzayo abenza bakwazi ukusebenza kahle kakhulu ekufezekiseni izinhloso zabo. Izinsiza zezezimali nezabantu ezidingekayo ukuze izinhlangano ezisemthethweni ze-BOS zihambisane nesivinini lapha zikhulu kakhulu.
Amaqhinga nezindlela zezempi ziya ngokuya zisetshenziswa endaweni yobugebengu obuhleliwe nobuphekula. Iziphathimandla zaseJalimane ikakhulukazi ziphoqeleka ukuba zikucabangele lokhu lapho ziqeqesha amabutho ezimo eziphuthumayo endaweni yezokuphepha kwangaphakathi futhi zibhekane nenselele yokuhlukaniswa ngokomthethosisekelo endaweni yokuphepha kwangaphandle.
Okokugcina, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi emazweni aseYurophu entando yeningi ayephephile ngokuqhathaniswa, ziyanda izehlakalo ezilimazayo ezaziwa kuphela emazweni anezimpi zombango noma ezindaweni zezimpi nezinhlekelele. Kubalulekile ukulungiselela izinsizakalo zezimo eziphuthumayo ngokwengqondo futhi ngokoqobo izithombe ezinjalo.
Izinselelo zezinhlangano ze-BOS
Imiphumela yalezi zinto ezishiwo ngenhla yilena: Iziphathimandla nezinhlangano ezinemisebenzi yezokuphepha (izinhlangano ze-BOS) kufanele ziguqule ukuhlela kwazo kwamasu, ziqwashise izinsizakalo zazo eziphuthumayo ngezingozi ezintsha futhi, sezizonke, zibhekane nezinselele ezintsha zokusebenza.
Amaqembu okuhloswe ngawo ukuqeqeshwa endaweni yokuzivikela ngamasu ezinsizeni eziphuthumayo, ngokwesibonelo, izihlobo
- uphiko lwezokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo lukamasipala noma uphiko lokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo emphakathini
- wawo wonke amaphoyisa kahulumeni kanye nombuso
- weminyango yomlilo
- abezimo eziphuthumayo
- wezinhlangano ezivikela izinhlekelele
- wezinhlangano ezisiza abantu
- njll
Imfundo enhle iwumshuwalense ongcono kakhulu
Ukuqwashisa ngezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo mayelana nezimo zokusebenza ezisongela ukuphila kubaluleke kakhulu kuzo zonke iziphathimandla nezinhlangano ezinemisebenzi yezokuphepha.
Ngokungeziwe ekudluliseleni ulwazi lwethiyori, lokhu kudinga ukuqeqeshwa ezimeni ezingokoqobo kanye nokuzivocavoca okuhlangene kanye nokuhlanganisa inhlangano.
Ngemva kwethiyori kufika umkhuba
E-TCRH Mosbach, imfundo, ukuqeqeshwa nokuqeqeshwa okujwayelekile kuyasebenza izimo ezingokoqobo kungenzeka. Uhlaka lomthetho lwalokhu luhlinzekwa ngu TCRH Training Center Rescue kanye nosizo GmbH.
Izipesheli zokuqeqesha ze-TCRH nabalingani bayo zinikeza amalungu ezinhlangano ze-BOS ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kahle kwesikhathi sabo sokuqeqeshwa.
Ulwazi olubanzi
- I-Federal Office for Civil Protection and Disaster Risk Reduction (BBK): "Isincomo sokuzivikela ezinsizeni eziphuthumayo ezivela ezinhlanganweni zokulawula izinhlekelele kanye nezinhlangano zokusiza ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa ngemva kokuhlasela (HEIKAT)", https://www.bbk.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/BBK/DE/Publikationen/Broschueren_Flyer/HEIKAT_Handlungsempfehlungen.html
- Ihhovisi Likahulumeni Lokuvikelwa Komphakathi kanye Nokunciphisa Izinhlekelele (i-BBK): "Ukuvikelwa Kwabantu: Ukuphathwa Kwezokwelapha Kwezimo Ezikhethekile", https://www.bbk.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/BBK/DE/Publikationen/Publ_magazin/bsmag_2_17.pdf?__blob=publicationFile
- U-Lippay, uChristoph / Pröhl, uMario: “Ukuzivikela ngendlela ehlakaniphile ezinsizeni eziphuthumayo - ukubona izingozi - ukusabela ngendlela efanele”, Verlag Stumpf & Kossendey GmbH, ISBN 978-3-943174-97-7
- I-TCRH Mosbach: Imfundo + ukuqeqeshwa
- I-TCRH Mosbach: Ukuzivikela ngamaqhinga
- Oesterreich, Ken: “Udlame olumelene nezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo: Okuyisisekelo kokuzivikela okuhlelekile”, W. Kohlhammer GmbH, ISBN 978-3170349339
- I-German Red Cross, i-Westphalia-Lippe Regional Association, "Ishidi lolwazi ngodlame olubhekiswe kwabezimo eziphuthumayo", https://www.drk-westfalen.de/fileadmin/Eigene_Bilder_und_Videos/Downloads/Notfallnachsorge/Merkblatt_Handlungshilfe_Gewalt_gegen_EK_kurz.pdf
- UThomas Metzel / Isabel Schmitt-Falckenberg / Kirsten Wischnewski: "Ukuphepha kwangaphakathi kanye nomthetho", Ihhovisi le-Federal Criminal Police Office (BKA), amaphoyisa kanye nocwaningo, https://www.bka.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Publikationen/Publikationsreihen/PolizeiUndForschung/1_19_EigensicherungUndRecht.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=3
- UKöhler, uChristian: "Ukubaluleka kokuzivikela ngokwengqondo ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu kanye nendlela yokubhekana nazo", veko-online, https://www.veko-online.de/archiv-ausgabe-02-2016/674-psychologie-die-bedeutung-psychologischer-eigensicherung-in-extremsituationen-und-deren-bewaeltigung.html
- Preuss, Thomas: "Iziqhumane nokuhlasela kweziqhumane: ukutholwa nokuzivikela", Boorbergverlag, ISBN 978-3415047099
- Nelson, G.: "Ibhomu lemoto: Iseshwa kanjani kahle imoto", ENFORCER Pülz, ISBN 978-3939700333
- Isiqhumane esingajwayelekile nesishisa izikhotha (IED): https://www.wiki-fuer-schutz-und-sicherheit.de/wiki/Unkonventionelle_Spreng-_und_Brandvorrichtung
- I-German Red Cross, i-Baden-Württemberg State Association: "Ukumangala okungamukelekile: Izingozi esizeni", http://www.baden-wuerttemberg.drk.de/arbeitsschutz//downloads/AiD-Schriftenreihe/2012/03%20Gefahren%20Einsatzstelle/2012-03_AiD-Info_Gefahren_Einsatzstelle.pdf
- Johanniter, "GEMAESS - CBRN izimo eziyingozi", https://www.johanniter.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Dokumente/JUH/BG/Gefahrenlagen/CBRN-Titel_NEU.pdf
- I-TCRH Mosbach: Ukuqeqeshwa kwabaphathi bokusebenza nokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi
- I-TCRH Mosbach: I-Second Hit kanye nokuvikelwa kwengqalasizinda ebalulekile
- I-TCRH Mosbach: I-Anti-Amok ne-Anti-Terror
Cindezela isihloko
- "Udlame olubhekiswe kwabasebenzi bomlilo nabatakuli", i-feuerwehr-magazin, https://www.feuerwehrmagazin.de/wissen/gewalt-gegen-rettungskraefte-wie-reagiert-die-feuerwehr-auf-angriffe-67641
- "Ezokuphepha: abezimo eziphuthumayo bahlaselwe", isibuko esisemthethweni, I-https: //www.behoerden-spiegel.de/2020/01/06/satzkraefte-angegitshe/
- "I-Munich: Umdayisi wezidakamizwa oneminyaka engu-16 ubudala uthola indawo yokucasha nge-booby trap", i-Munich City Magazine, https://www.stadtmagazin-muenchen24.de/muenchen-16-jaehriger-sichert-drogenversteck-mit-sprengfalle-43940
- "Amabutho okutakula: Ukuhlaselwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo - ukuguqulwa kwezomthetho kuletha ini?", mdr, https://www.mdr.de/nachrichten/politik/gesellschaft/angriffe-feuerwehr-polizei-sanitaeter-gesetzesreform-schutz-100.html
- "Udlame olubhekiswe kwabezimo eziphuthumayo: Cishe amaphoyisa angama-20 ahlaselwa eBerlin nsuku zonke," iTagesspiegel, https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/gewalt-gegen-einsatzkraefte-pro-tag-werden-in-berlin-knapp-20-polizisten-angegriffen/25424172.html
- "Abahlanganyeli bokuzivocavoca abangu-2.500 ku-BWTEX 2019", esifundazweni sase-Baden-Württemberg, https://www.baden-wuerttemberg.de/de/service/presse/pressemitteilung/pid/2500-uebungsteilnehmer-bei-der-bwtex-2019-1/
- "Ukulwa nobuphekula BWTEX: Lapho amaphoyisa efinyelela imingcele yawo", iStuttgarter Zeitung, https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.anti-terror-uebung-bwtex-wenn-die-polizei-an-ihre-grenzen-stoesst.a22c2641-cb0c-499f-8783-7e627465c3d8.html
- "ISIVIVINYO SOKULULA UBUPHEKULA: Ukuhlenga endaweni ebomvu", iFrankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/inland/bwtex-die-anti-terror-uebung-von-polizei-und-bundeswehr-16442712.html
- I-“BWTEX 2019 – Ukusebenza kwezinhlaka ezahlukene okwenziwa abaphathi bezokuphepha e-Baden-Württemberg”, European Security and Technology (ESUT), https://esut.de/2019/12/fachbeitraege/innere-sicherheit-fachbeitraege/16869/bwtex-2019-interdisziplinaere-uebung-der-sicherheitsbehoerden-in-baden-wuerttemberg/
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